Dynamic Routing For Data Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1784 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? Dynamic Routing for Data Integrity and Delay Differentiated Services in Wireless Sensor Networks ABSTRACT: Applications running on the same Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) platform usually have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Two basic requirements are low delay and high data integrity. These two requirements cannot be satisfied simultaneously. Existing system problems are being resolved using this project. In the previous projects high data integrity with low delay are not done at the same time, using this one we have overcome those issues. Keywords: QoS, IDDR, WSN Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dynamic Routing For Data Integrity" essay for you Create order INRODUCTION: WSNs have two basic QoS requirements: low delay and high data integrity, leading to what are called delay sensitive applications and high-integrity applications, respectively. Generally, in a network with light load, both requirements can be readily satisfied. However, a heavily loaded network will suffer congestion, which increases the end to-end delay. This work aims to simultaneously improve the fidelity for high-integrity applications and decrease the end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive ones, even when the network is congested. We borrow the concept of potential field from the discipline of physics and design a novel potential based routing algorithm, which is called integrity and delay differentiated routing (IDDR). IDDR is able to provide the following two functions: Improve fidelity for high-integrity applications. Decrease end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive applications. LITERATUR SURVEY Most QoS provisioning protocols proposed for traditional ad hoc networks have large overhead caused by end-to-end path discovery and resource reservation. Thus, they are not suitable for resource-constrained WSNs. Some mechanisms have been designed to provide QoS services specifically for WSNs. Adaptive Forwarding Scheme (AFS) employs the packet priority to determine the forwarding behavior to control the reliability .LIEMRO utilizes a dynamic path maintenance mechanism to monitor the quality of the active paths during network operation and regulates the injected traffic rate of the paths according to the latest perceived paths quality. It does not consider the effects of buffer capacity and service rate of the active nodes to estimate and adjust the traffic rate of the active paths. This will cause congestion and thus lead to many high integrity packets loss and large end-to-end delay for delay sensitive packets. Delay-sensitive packets occupy the limited bandwidth and buffers, worsening drops of high-integrity ones. High-integrity packets block the shortest paths, compelling the delay-sensitive packets to travel more hops before reaching the sink, which increases the delay. High-integrity packets occupy the buffers, which also increases the queuing delay of delay-sensitive packets. This work aims to simultaneously improve the fidelity for high-integrity applications and decrease the end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive ones, even when the network is congested. We borrow the concept of potential field from the discipline of physics and design a novel potential based routing algorithm, which is called integrity and delay differentiated routing (IDDR). IDDR is able to provide the following two functions: Improve fidelity for high-integrity applications. The basic idea is to find as much buffer space as possible from the idle and/or under-loaded paths to cache the excessive packets that might be dropped on the shortest path. Therefore, the first task is to find these idle and/or under loaded paths, then the second task is to cache the packets efficiently for subsequent transmission. IDDR constructs a potential field according to the depth1 and queue length information to find the under-utilized paths. The packets with high integrity requirement will be forwarded to the next hop with smaller queue length. A mechanism called Implicit Hop-by-Hop Rate Control is designed to make packet caching more efficient. Decrease end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive applications. Each application is assigned a weight, which represents the degree of sensitivity to the delay. Through building local dynamic potential fields with different slopes according to the weight values carried by packets, IDDR allows the packets with larger weight to choose shorter paths. In addition, IDDR also employs the priority queue to further decrease the queuing delay of delay-sensitive packets. EXISTING SYSTEM Most QoS provisioning protocols proposed for traditional ad hoc networks have large overhead caused by end-to-end path discovery and resource reservation. Thus, they are not suitable for resource-constrained WSNs. Some mechanisms have been designed to provide QoS services specifically for WSNs. Adaptive Forwarding Scheme (AFS) employs the packet priority to determine the forwarding behavior to control the reliability. LIEMRO utilizes a dynamic path maintenance mechanism to monitor the quality of the active paths during network operation and regulates the injected traffic rate of the paths according to the latest perceived paths quality. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM It does not consider the effects of buffer capacity and service rate of the active nodes to estimate and adjust the traffic rate of the active paths. This will cause congestion and thus lead to many high integrity packets loss and large end-to-end delay for delay sensitive packets. Delay-sensitive packets occupy the limited bandwidth and buffers, worsening drops of high-integrity ones. High-integrity packets block the shortest paths, compelling the delay-sensitive packets to travel more hops before reaching the sink, which increases the delay. High-integrity packets occupy the buffers, which also increases the queuing delay of delay-sensitive packets. PROPOSED SYSTEM This work aims to simultaneously improve the fidelity for high-integrity applications and decrease the end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive ones, even when the network is congested. We borrow the concept of potential field from the discipline of physics and design a novel potential based routing algorithm, which is called integrity and delay differentiated routing (IDDR). IDDR is able to provide the following two functions: Improve fidelity for high-integrity applications. The basic idea is to find as much buffer space as possible from the idle and/or under-loaded paths to cache the excessive packets that might be dropped on the shortest path. Therefore, the first task is to find these idle and/or under loaded paths, then the second task is to cache the packets efficiently for subsequent transmission. IDDR constructs a potential field according to the depth1 and queue length information to find the under-utilized paths. The packets with high integrity requirement will be forwarded to the next hop with smaller queue length. A mechanism called Implicit Hop-by-Hop Rate Control is designed to make packet caching more efficient. Decrease end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive applications. Each application is assigned a weight, which represents the degree of sensitivity to the delay. Through building local dynamic potential fields with different slopes according to the weight values carried by packets, IDDR allows the packets with larger weight to choose shorter paths. In addition, IDDR also employs the priority queue to further decrease the queuing delay of delay-sensitive packets. ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM IDDR inherently avoids the conflict between high integrity and low delay: the high-integrity packets are cached on the under loaded paths along which packets will suffer a large end-to-end delay because of more hops, and the delay-sensitive packets travel along shorter paths to approach the sink as soon as possible. Using the Lyapunov drift theory, we prove that IDDR is stable. Furthermore, the results of a series of simulations conducted on the TOSSIM platform demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the IDDR scheme. IMPLEMENTATION Service provider In this module, the service provider will browse the data file, initialize the router nodes and then send to the particular receivers. Service provider will send their data file to router and router will select smallest distance path and send to particular receiver. Router The Router manages a multiple networks to provide data storage service. In network n-number of nodes are present (n1, n2, n3, n4, n5†¦). In a router service provider can view node details and attacked nodes. Service provider will send their data file to router and router will select smallest distance path and send to particular receiver. If any attacker is found in a node then router will connect to another node and send to particular user. IDS Manager In this module, the IDS Controller consists of two phases. If Integrity or Malicious Data is occurs in router then IDS controller is activated. In a first phase DNS packets, Net flow, Traffic filter and Fine-grained IDS client detection are present. Aim is that detecting all hosts within the monitored network that engage in IDS communications. We analyze raw traffic collected at the edge of the monitored network and apply a pre-filtering step to discard network flows that are unlikely to be generated by IDS applications. We then analyze the remaining traffic and extract a number of statistical features to identify flows generated by IDS clients. In the second phase, Coarse-grained IDS Integrity or Malicious Data detection, Fine-grained IDS client detection and Integrity or Malicious Data are present; our system analyzes the traffic generated by the IDS clients and classifies them into either legitimate IDS clients or IDS Integrity or Malicious Data. Receiver (End User) In this module, the receiver can receive the data file from the router. Service provider will send data file to router and router will send to particular receiver. The receivers receive the file by without changing the File Contents. Users may receive particular data files within the network only. Attacker Attacker is one who is injecting malicious data to the corresponding node and also attacker will change the bandwidth of the particular node. The attacker can inject fake bandwidth to the particular node. After attacking the nodes, bandwidth will changed in a router. CONCLUSION In this paper, a dynamic multipath routing algorithm IDDR is proposed based on the concept of potential in physics to satisfy the two different QoS requirements, high data fidelity and low end-to-end delay, over the same WSN simultaneously. The IDDR algorithm is proved stable using the Lyapunov drift theory. Moreover, the experiment results on a small test bed and the simulation results on TOSSIM demonstrate that IDDR can significantly improve the throughput of the high-integrity applications and decrease the end-to-end delay of delay sensitive applications through scattering different packets from different applications spatially and temporally. IDDR can also provide good scalability because only local information is required, which simplifies the implementation. In addition, IDDR has acceptable communication overhead. REFERENCES P. Levis, N. Lee, M. Welsh, and D. Culler, â€Å"TOSSIM: Accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications,† in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Syst., 2003, pp. 126–137. T. Chen, J. Tsai, and M. Gerla, â€Å"QoS routing performance in multihop multimedia wireless networks,† in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Universal Personal Commun., 1997, pp. 557–561. R. Sivakumar, P. Sinha, and V. Bharghavan, â€Å"CEDAR: Core extraction distributed ad hoc routing algorithm,† IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1454–1465, Aug. 1999. S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, â€Å"Distributed quality-of-service routing in ad hoc networks,† IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1488–1505, Aug. 1999. B. Hughes and V. Cahill, â€Å"Achieving real-time guarantees in mobile ad hoc wireless networks,† in Proc. IEEE Real-Time Syst. Symp., 2003.

Essay on Clendinnen Book Review of Ambivalent Conquests

Book Review Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570 Inga Clendinnen book, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570 is centered on the Spanish incursion of the Yucatan Peninsula, affects on Mayan civilization, and the Spanish struggles in controlling these people. In the beginning, Clendinnen focus here attention on the initial attempts and then eventual success of the Spaniards to solidify themselves within the Yucatan Peninsula. She goes into a detailed backdrop of why many Spaniards were financially forced to look for new lands and peoples to conquer, how they came into the Yucatan, and then eventually their initial disappointment and failure. However, the Mayan victory was short lived as†¦show more content†¦The book shows how Montejo struggles badly at first with the environment; the constant rains, vegetation, bugs and wildlife, and the flakey alliances he forges with natives, all posed large problems. Yet whats good is Clendinnen tells th e reader how Montejo began to take note of tribe reactions when he claimed to be from another section of the peninsula. Montejo learned mock boundaries of potential provinces and used these to forge alliances and pit rival Mayans factions against each other and supports this claim by directly references Montejo taking this tactic from Cortà ©ss method in Central Mexico. In addition, Clendinnen expresses the Spaniards hardships through this campaign, mentioning several times their desperate attempts to find water and struggles with the natural environment, on top of facing an enemy in their own backyard, dealing with boogie traps and ambushes on a regular basis. Clendinnen makes it a main point that the Spaniards first were looking for riches and all these hardships would be suitably ok if they could just find some gold. This is such a great point to articulate to the reader, to show how determined and desperate these young conquistadors were in finding a promising fortune in these lands to go through all of this strenuous adventure and work for something that isnt even granteed. Then concludes it all up discussing the Spaniards European Cultural Superiority or

An All

An All-Inclusive Presence Essay In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison shows that anger is healthy and that it is not something to be feared; those who are not able to get angry are the ones who suffer the most. She criticizes Cholly, Polly, Claudia, Soaphead Church, the Mobile Girls, and Pecola because these blacks in her story wrongly place their anger on themselves, their own race, their family, or even God, instead of being angry at those they should have been angry at: whites. Pecola Breedlove suffered the most because she was the result of having others anger dumped on her, and she herself was unable to get angry. When Geraldine yells at her to get out of her house, Pecolas eyes were fixed on the pretty lady and her pretty house. Pecola does not stand up to Maureen Peal when she made fun of her for seeing her dad naked but instead lets Freida and Claudia fight for her. Instead of getting mad at Mr. Yacobowski for looking down on her, she directed her anger toward the dandelions she once thought were beautiful. However, the anger will not hold50, and the feelings soon gave way to shame. Pecola was the sad product of having others anger placed on her: All of our waste we dumped on her and she absorbed. And all of our beauty, which was hers first and which she gave to us205. They felt beautiful next to her ugliness, wholesome next to her uncleanness, her poverty made them generous, her weakness made them strong, and her pain made them happier. When Pecolas father, Cholly Breedlove, was caught as a teenager in a field with Darlene by two white men, never did he once consider directing his hatred toward the hunters150, rather her directed his hatred towards the girl because hating the white men would consume him. He was powerless against the white men and was unable to protect Darlene from them as well. This caused his to hate her for being in the situation with him and for realizing how powerless her really was. Also, Cholly felt that any misery his daughter suffered was his fault, and looking in to Pecolas loving eyes angered him because her wondered, What could her do for her ever? What give her? What say to her? 161 Chollys failures led him to hate those that he failed, most of all his family. Pecolas mother, Polly Breedlove, also wrongly placed her anger on her family. As a result of having a deformed foot, Polly had always had a feeling of unworthiness and separateness. With her own children, sometimes Id catch myself hollering at them and beating them, but I couldnt seem to stop124. She stopped taking care of her own children and her home and took care of a white family and their home. She found praise, love, and acceptance with the Fisher family, and it is for these reasons that she stayed with them. She had been deprived of such feelings from her family when growing up and in turn deprived her own family of these same feelings. Polly held Cholly as a mode on sin and failure, she bore him like a crown of thorns, and her children like a cross126. Pecolas friend Claudia is angry at the beauty of whiteness and attempts to dismember white dolls to find where their beauty lies. There is a sarcastic tone in her voice when she spoke of having to be worthy to play with the dolls. Later, when telling the story as a past experience, she describes the adults tone of voice as being filled with years of unfulfilled longing, perhaps a longing to be themselves beautifully white. Claudia herself was happiest when she stood up to Maureen Peal, the beautiful girl from her class. When Claudia and Freida taunted her as she ran down the street, they were happy to get a chance to express anger, and we were still in love with ourselves then74. Claudias anger towards dolls turns to hated of white girls. Out of a fear for his anger the she could not comprehend, she later tool a refuge in loving whites. She had to at least pretend to love whites or, like Cholly, the hatred would consume her. Later however, she realizes that this change was an adjustment without improvement23, and that making herself love them only fooled herself and helped her cope. Hume Persuasive EssayThis caused his to hate her for being in the situation with him and for realizing how powerless her really was. Also, Cholly felt that any misery his daughter suffered was his fault, and looking in to Pecolas loving eyes angered him because her wondered, What could her do for her ever? What give her? What say to her? 161 Chollys failures led him to hate those that he failed, most of all his family. Pecolas mother, Polly Breedlove, also wrongly placed her anger on her family. As a result of having a deformed foot, Polly had always had a feeling of unworthiness and separateness. With her own children, sometimes Id catch myself hollering at them and beating them, but I couldnt seem to stop124. She stopped taking care of her own children and her home and took care of a white family and their home. She found praise, love, and acceptance with the Fisher family, and it is for these reasons that she stayed with them. She had been deprived of such feelings from her family when growing up and in turn deprived her own family of these same feelings. Polly held Cholly as a mode on sin and failure, she bore him like a crown of thorns, and her children like a cross126. Pecolas friend Claudia is angry at the beauty of whiteness and attempts to dismember white dolls to find where their beauty lies. There is a sarcastic tone in her voice when she spoke of having to be worthy to play with the dolls. Later, when telling the story as a past experience, she describes the adults tone of voice as being filled with years of unfulfilled longing, perhaps a longing to be themselves beautifully white. Claudia herself was happiest when she stood up to Maureen Peal, the beautiful girl from her class. When Claudia and Freida taunted her as she ran down the street, they were happy to get a chance to express anger, and we were still in love with ourselves then74. Claudias anger towards dolls turns to hated of white girls. Out of a fear for his anger the she could not comprehend, she later tool a refuge in loving whites. She had to at least pretend to love whites or, like Cholly, the hatred would consume her. Later however, she realizes that this change was an adjustment without improvement23, and that making herself love them only fooled herself and helped her cope. Soaphead Church wrongly places his anger on God and blamed him for screwing-up human nature. He asked God to explain how he could let Pecolas wish for blue eyes go so long without being answered and scorned God for not loving Pecola. Despite his own sins, Soaphead feels that he had a right to blame God and ot assume his role in granting Pecola blue eyes, although her knew that beauty was not necessarily a physical thing but a state of mind and being: No one else will see her blue eyes. But she will182. The Mobile girls wrongly placed their anger in their own race, and they do not give of themselves fullyeven to their family. These girls hate niggers because according to them, colored people were neat and quiet; niggers were dirty and loud87. Black children, or they as Geraldine called them, were like flies: They slept six to a bed, all their pee mixing together in the night as they wt their beds. . . they clowned on the playgrounds, broke things in dime stores, ran in front of you on the street. . . grass wouldnt grow where they lived. Flowers died. Like flies they hovered; like flies they settled92. Although the Mobile girls are black themselves, they . . . got rid of the funkiness. the dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions,83 and most of all they tried to rid themselves of the funkiness of being black. They were shut off by the whites because they did not belong, but shut themselves off from their own black race. To the blacks in The Bluest Eye, Anger is betterthan shame.

My Learned Philosophy and the Afterlife Essay Example

My Learned Philosophy and the Afterlife Essay In the beginning, I dreaded the fact of having to take a philosophy class. It all seemed preposterous to me. Then the final essay topic reflected several emotional responses in the beginning of the class. The Afterlife was only known to this student by means of religious teachings and not researched to the extent of whether or not the Afterlife matters in reference to how we live. How do we live if this unknown place actually exists? Initial readings in chapter assignments opened this student’s eye to a perspective on life that would not usually come up as a topic of discussion. Whether or not there is a God or one ultimate mover is something to struggle with as this student moved further into learning philosophy and its communicators. I have found that there really is not a straightforward answer on discovery or facts of the topic I chose. I found myself learning about philosophers like the great Aristotle. His teachings brought on the questions on everything that existed, the knowledge to find out what it means to be. I have tried to grasp his concepts and reflect this in my final paper. His sense of existence is relevant to me and how I will answer my topic’s questions. Moving further into the weeks I noticed that my thoughts on life changed. I no longer took many things for granted and saw my own life siting in the middle of materialism. This needed to change, the philosophical questions I now asked myself became complex. An example is one question in particular. How do I exist without the everyday â€Å"stuff† I think I need. We will write a custom essay sample on My Learned Philosophy and the Afterlife specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Learned Philosophy and the Afterlife specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Learned Philosophy and the Afterlife specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I have found that existence is not physical but indeed a mental status with a physical body. Studying this helped me decide how to proceed with the research on the way I look at things and the Afterlife. How did others perceive it, this is my question to answer. I found that most of the philosophers I did not agree with but Descartes was not one of those. I still view him the same as I did weeks ago. I am a skeptic to say the least. I question all there is and look for solid proof. For me to write a paper on an unknown object or assumption of a place is challenging for me but have taken the task and hopefully will state matters and not just mere beliefs. Some of my philosophy is drawn to those Eastern influences we discussed but did not know my similarities until reading our chapters on the differences between Eastern and Western. I feel that I am a very spiritual person and hold life and its existence to a higher deity. I pray, I live, I die with honor that I have done all I can to better the lives of those around me. This will move me to a higher place when I die as some of the eastern philosophers believed. In conclusion, I wish to say that this class has taught me how to sit back and look around, question what I do not see and insist on proof of what I do see. I hope that my understanding of philosophy and what I got from taking this class stays with me and the truth will provide proof that the Afterlife is a guide for living. For truth is what we all seek, no matter how we get there and no matter where we end up.